IVF is an assisted reproductive technology that involves retrieving eggs from the ovaries, fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory, and then implanting the resulting embryos into the uterus. It is used to treat various causes of infertility, including tubal factor, male factor, and unexplained infertility. The process includes ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo transfer, often supported by hormone therapy.