Osteopenia is a condition characterized by lower-than-normal bone mineral density, indicating that bones are weaker than normal but not yet to the extent of osteoporosis. It is often detected through a bone density scan (DEXA) and may not cause symptoms on its own. However, individuals with osteopenia have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and bone fractures over time. Risk factors include aging, hormonal changes, inadequate calcium or vitamin D intake, and lack of physical activity. Management typically includes lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, weight-bearing exercise, and sometimes medication to help maintain bone strength.