The ovary is a reproductive organ in females responsible for producing eggs (ova) and releasing hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Most women have two ovaries, located on either side of the uterus in the lower abdomen. During the menstrual cycle, an ovary releases a mature egg in a process called ovulation.

The ovaries also play a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle, fertility, and secondary sexual characteristics. Ovarian health is essential for reproductive function, and conditions such as ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian cancer can affect their function.