Neoadjuvant therapy refers to treatment given before the main therapeutic intervention, usually surgery, to help reduce the size or extent of a disease such as cancer. This approach often involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy and is commonly used in cancers like breast, rectal, or lung cancer. The goal of neoadjuvant therapy is to improve surgical outcomes, increase the likelihood of complete tumor removal, and sometimes assess the tumor’s response to treatment. It is part of a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to each patient’s condition.