Kyphosis is a spinal condition characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper back, resulting in a rounded or hunched posture. It can occur at any age but is most commonly seen in older adults due to age-related changes such as osteoporosis or degenerative disc disease. In younger individuals, it may result from poor posture (postural kyphosis), structural abnormalities (Scheuermann’s disease), or congenital defects. Symptoms can range from mild back pain and stiffness to more severe deformity and breathing difficulties in advanced cases. Treatment depends on the cause and severity and may include physical therapy, bracing, pain management, or surgery.